Table tennis, also known as ping pong, is one of the fastest and most exciting indoor sports in the world. It’s easy to pick up, affordable to play, and can be enjoyed by people of all ages. Whether you’re aiming to compete or just play for fun, learning the table tennis basics is the first step to building skill and confidence.
This article will walk you through 10 key table tennis basics every beginner should know. From understanding the rules to learning how to serve, we’ve broken it down into simple, practical points so you can start playing right away.
1. Know the Basic Equipment
Before you can play, it helps to understand what you need. Table tennis requires very little equipment, which makes it a highly accessible sport.
Essential gear includes:
- Table tennis table: 9 feet long and 5 feet wide with a net in the middle.
- Paddle (or bat): Made of wood and rubber, available in various styles.
- Ball: Small, lightweight plastic ball (usually white or orange), 40mm in diameter.
- Net: Fixed or removable, stretched across the middle of the table.
Tip: As a beginner, start with a standard paddle rather than a fancy custom one. You can always upgrade later as your skills improve.
2. Understand the Objective of the Game
The main aim of table tennis is to score points by hitting the ball over the net and into the opponent’s half of the table in a way that they cannot return it.
Points are scored when:
- Your opponent fails to return the ball.
- The ball hits the net or goes off the table on their side.
- The opponent hits the ball before it bounces on their side (a volley, which is not allowed).
A game is usually played up to 11 points, and you must win by at least two points. Matches can be best of 3, 5, or 7 games.
3. Learn the Rules of Serving
Serving is one of the most important parts of the game. A good serve sets the tone for each point.
How to serve:
- Hold the ball in your palm above the table surface.
- Toss it at least 6 inches in the air.
- Hit it so that it bounces once on your side, crosses over the net, and bounces on your opponent’s side.
In doubles, the ball must be served diagonally. In singles, you can serve to any part of the opponent’s table.
Tip: Keep your serve simple at first. Just focus on control and consistency.
4. Master the Correct Grip
There are two common ways to hold a table tennis paddle:
1. Shakehand grip:
Looks like you’re shaking hands with the paddle. This grip is popular worldwide and is great for beginners because it allows easy control on both forehand and backhand shots.
2. Penhold grip:
The paddle is held like you’re holding a pen. This is more common in Asian countries and is great for quick wrist movements and close-to-the-table play.
Tip: Start with the shakehand grip if you’re new, it’s versatile and easier to learn.
5. Understand Forehand and Backhand Strokes
These two strokes are your basic tools for returning the ball.
Forehand stroke:
- Stand slightly sideways.
- Swing the paddle across your body from low to high.
- Hit the ball after it bounces on your side.
Backhand stroke:
- Face the table directly.
- Swing the paddle from your non-dominant side to your dominant side.
- Keep your wrist relaxed and follow through.
Tip: Practice both strokes slowly with a partner or against a wall. The more consistent your returns, the better your game will be.
6. Know the Basic Footwork
Good footwork helps you reach the ball quickly and return it accurately.
Basic footwork tips:
- Keep your knees slightly bent.
- Stay on the balls of your feet (not your heels).
- Use small, quick steps to move side to side.
- Always return to your ready position after hitting the ball.
Tip: Don’t lean or stretch too much, move your feet instead. This keeps you balanced and ready for the next shot.
7. Learn the Ready Position
The ready position is your starting stance before each point. It prepares you to move in any direction.
How to get into ready position:
- Stand facing the table.
- Feet shoulder-width apart.
- Knees slightly bent.
- Paddle in front of your body, around waist height.
- Eyes on the ball.
Tip: This position helps you react quickly and stay balanced throughout the rally.
8. Practice the Art of Spin
Spin makes table tennis exciting—and tricky. Even at beginner levels, understanding the basics of spin can improve your game.
Types of spin:
- Topspin: Ball rotates forward; makes it dip faster.
- Backspin: Ball rotates backward; slows it down and makes it bounce low.
- Sidespin: Ball curves left or right in the air.
Tip: Watch how your opponent’s paddle moves when they hit the ball. That gives you clues about the spin. Learn to read the spin before trying to use it yourself.
9. Work on Your Consistency First
When starting out, it’s tempting to go for big smashes or trick shots. But in table tennis, control and consistency are more important than power.
How to build consistency:
- Practice rallying (hitting the ball back and forth) without trying to win points.
- Set a goal: Can you hit 10 shots in a row without missing?
- Focus on placing the ball on the table, not hitting it hard.
Tip: Consistency is key to becoming a confident player. Once you master control, you can build speed and power later.
10. Play Regularly and Have Fun
Like any sport, the best way to improve at table tennis is to keep playing. The more you practice, the more natural your shots, footwork, and strategy will become.
Beginner-friendly practice ideas:
- Play with friends or family.
- Practice solo by bouncing the ball on your paddle.
- Use a return board or table tennis robot.
- Watch YouTube tutorials or attend a beginner class.
Tip: Don’t worry about winning in the beginning. Focus on having fun and learning each time you play.
Bonus: Basic Table Tennis Etiquette
Even in casual games, it’s good to show respect and follow simple etiquette:
- Shake hands after a match.
- Say “good game” or compliment good shots.
- Avoid shouting or slamming the paddle.
- Respect your opponent’s learning process, especially if they’re beginners too.
Final Thoughts
Table tennis is more than just a game, it’s a fast, exciting, and mentally engaging sport. Once you get the basics down, you’ll find it incredibly rewarding, both as a fun hobby and as a form of physical exercise.
Start small. Focus on one skill at a time, like mastering your grip or improving your serve. With just a little practice, you’ll see improvement, gain confidence, and start enjoying every rally even more.
Whether you’re playing in your garage, a club, or at a friend’s house, table tennis is a sport you can enjoy for life.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. Always play in a safe environment, use proper equipment, and consult a coach or instructor if you’re unsure about techniques or rules.
